In order to correctly try the dispute cases relating to compensation for personal injuries during railway transportation and protect the legitimate interest of all the parties concerned in accordance with the law, the applicable legal issues are hereby interpreted as follows in accordance with the provisions of such laws as the General Principles of the Civil Law of the People's Republic of China, the Railway Law of the People's Republic of China and the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China and based on the adjudication practices:

为正确审理铁路运输人身损害赔偿纠纷案件，依法维护各方当事人的合法权益，根据《中华人民共和国民法通则》、《中华人民共和国铁路法》、《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》等法律的规定，结合审判实践，就有关适用法律问题作如下解释:

Article 1 These Interpretations shall apply to the trials of dispute cases relating to compensation for personal injuries during railway transportation in accidents involving a train in motion and other railway operation accidents.

If a railway staff having established a labor contract relationship or labor relationship with a railway transportation enterprise suffers from a personal injury in the course of the performance of duties, the case shall be handled in accordance with the provisions of the laws in relation to the adjustment of labor relationship and other relevant laws.

第一条 人民法院审理铁路行车事故及其他铁路运营事故造成的铁路运输人身损害赔偿纠纷案件,适用本解释。

与铁路运输企业建立劳动合同关系或者形成劳动关系的铁路职工在执行职务中发生的人身损害,依照有关调整劳动关系的法律规定及其他相关法律规定处理。

Article 2 Victims suffering from personal injuries during railway transportation, the dependents to which the victims assume maintenance obligations in accordance with the law and the close relatives of the deceased victims are the claimants for compensation and shall be entitled to claim compensations.

第二条 铁路运输人身损害的受害人、依法由受害人承担扶养义务的被扶养人以及死亡受害人的近亲属为赔偿权利人,有权请求赔偿。

Article 3 If a claimant for compensation requests the other party concerned to assume liability in tort, the railway transportation court of the place of accident, the place the railway first arrives or the place of residence of the defendant shall have jurisdiction over the case. If a claimant for compensation requests a carrier to assume default liability and provide personal injury compensation in accordance with the contract law, the railway transportation court of the place of departure, the place of destination or the place of residence of the defendant shall have jurisdiction over the case.

第三条 赔偿权利人要求对方当事人承担侵权责任的,由事故发生地、列车最先到达地或者被告住所地铁路运输法院管辖;赔偿权利人依照合同法要求承运人承担违约责任予以人身损害赔偿的,由运输始发地、目的地或者被告住所地铁路运输法院管辖。

Article 4 A railway transportation enterprise shall be liable for compensation if a personal injury is caused by railway transportation. If provisions are otherwise stipulated by the law, those provisions shall be complied with.

第四条 铁路运输造成人身损害的,铁路运输企业应当承担赔偿责任;法律另有规定的,依照其规定。

Article 5 If a personal injury is caused by railway transportation, a railway transportation enterprise shall not be liable for compensation if it can provide evidence of the occurrence of any of the following situations:

(1) Caused by force majeure;

(2) Caused by the victim's intentional lying on railway tracks or collision.

第五条 铁路运输中发生人身损害,铁路运输企业举证证明有下列情形之一的,不承担赔偿责任:

(一)不可抗力造成的;

(二)受害人故意以卧轨、碰撞等方式造成的。

Article 6 If a personal injury is caused by a victim's misconduct such as getting to the railway tracks by climbing across, passing through, destroying or moving the protective barrier wall, fence and other protective facilities on the two sides of the railway tracks, making a covert ride on a goods train, climbing up or hanging on to a train in motion, walking on a railway bridge or subway that does not has pedestrian walkway, climbing to the tracks of an elevated railway and entering the operation areas of a railway, such as the railway tracks, railway station and freight yard without authorization, the compensation liability of the railway transportation enterprise shall be reduced as appropriate based on the extent of fault of the victim and the case shall be handled according to the following situations:

(1) If a railway transportation enterprise has not fully performed its safety protection and warning obligations and the victim is engaged in the above misconduct, the railway transportation enterprise shall be liable for compensating 20% to 80% of all the loss;

(2) If a railway transportation enterprise has fully performed its safety protection and warning obligations and the victim is engaged in the above misconduct, the railway transportation enterprise shall be liable for compensating 10% to 20% of all the loss.

第六条 因受害人翻越、穿越、损毁、移动铁路线路两侧防护围墙、栅栏或者其他防护设施穿越铁路线路,偷乘货车,攀附行进中的列车,在未设置人行通道的铁路桥梁、隧道内通行,攀爬高架铁路线路,以及其他未经许可进入铁路线路、车站、货场等铁路作业区域的过错行为,造成人身损害的,应当根据受害人的过错程度适当减轻铁路运输企业的赔偿责任,并按照以下情形分别处理:

(一)铁路运输企业未充分履行安全防护、警示等义务,受害人有上述过错行为的,铁路运输企业应当在全部损失的百分之八十至百分之二十之间承担赔偿责任;

(二)铁路运输企业已充分履行安全防护、警示等义务,受害人仍施以上述过错行为的,铁路运输企业应当在全部损失的百分之二十至百分之十之间承担赔偿责任。

Article 7 A personal injury caused by the victim's fault when crossing the unclosed railway tracks horizontally shall be handled in accordance with the provisions of the preceding article.

If a victim does not follow the advice of the personnel on duty or ignores the do not enter warning sign and mark and crosses the railway level crossing, the pedestrian walkway or walk along the railway tracks vertically or lie on the railway tracks and causes a personal injury, the railway transportation enterprise providing evidence of its full performance of the safety protection and warning obligations shall not be liable for compensation.

第七条 受害人横向穿越未封闭的铁路线路时存在过错,造成人身损害的,按照前条规定处理。

受害人不听从值守人员劝阻或者无视禁行警示信号、标志硬行通过铁路平交道口、人行过道,或者沿铁路线路纵向行走,或者在铁路线路上坐卧,造成人身损害,铁路运输企业举证证明已充分履行安全防护、警示等义务的,不承担赔偿责任。

Article 8 If railway transportation causes the injury of a person without civil capacity, the railway transportation enterprise shall be liable for compensation. If the guardian is at fault, the compensation liability of the railway transportation enterprise shall be reduced based on the extent of fault but shall not be less than 50% of all the loss.

If railway transportation causes the injury of a person with limited civil capacity, the railway transportation enterprise shall be liable for compensation. If the guardian and the victim themselves are at fault, the compensation liability of the railway transportation enterprise shall be reduced based on the extent of fault but shall not be less than 40% of all the loss.

第八条 铁路运输造成无民事行为能力人人身损害的,铁路运输企业应当承担赔偿责任;监护人有过错的,按照过错程度减轻铁路运输企业的赔偿责任,但铁路运输企业承担的赔偿责任应当不低于全部损失的百分之五十。

铁路运输造成限制民事行为能力人人身损害的,铁路运输企业应当承担赔偿责任;监护人及受害人自身有过错的,按照过错程度减轻铁路运输企业的赔偿责任,但铁路运输企业承担的赔偿责任应当不低于全部损失的百分之四十。

Article 9 If a person other than the driver of a motor vehicle suffers from a personal injury due to the collision between the rolling stock and the motor vehicle, the railway transportation enterprise and the party responsible for the motor vehicle shall be jointly liable for compensating the victim. The railway transportation enterprise and the party responsible for the motor vehicle shall share the liability based on their own fault. If neither party is at fault, the liability shall be shared according to the principle of fairness. The party that assumes a compensation liability that exceeds the share it shall be assuming shall be entitled to request for claim from the other party.

The personal injury of the driver of a motor vehicle caused by the collision between the rolling stock and the motor vehicle shall be handled in accordance with the provisions of Article 4 to Article 7 of these Interpretations.

第九条 铁路机车车辆与机动车发生碰撞造成机动车驾驶人员以外的人人身损害的,由铁路运输企业与机动车一方对受害人承担连带赔偿责任。铁路运输企业与机动车一方之间,按照各自的过错分担责任;双方均无过错的,按照公平原则分担责任。对受害人实际承担赔偿责任超出应当承担份额的一方,有权向另一方追偿。

铁路机车车辆与机动车发生碰撞造成机动车驾驶人员人身损害的,按照本解释第四条至第七条的规定处理。

Article 10 If a personal injury is caused by an accident at an unattended crossing of a railway that is not guarded by a railway transportation enterprise, the railway transportation enterprise shall be liable for compensation in accordance with the relevant provisions of these Interpretations. If the crossing management entity is at fault, the railway transportation enterprise shall be entitled to request for claim from the crossing management entity after assuming the liability of compensating the claimant for compensation.

第十条 在非铁路运输企业实行监护的铁路无人看守道口发生事故造成人身损害的,由铁路运输企业按照本解释的有关规定承担赔偿责任。道口管理单位有过错的,铁路运输企业对赔偿权利人承担赔偿责任后,有权向道口管理单位追偿。

Article 11 If the facilities such as the bridge and culvert of a railway cannot be used normally because the entity responsible for the management and maintenance of the facilities such as the bridge and culvert of the railway does not fulfill its duties and a personal injury arises when the pedestrian or vehicle crosses the railway tracks, the railway transportation enterprise shall be entitled to request for claim from the entity after assuming compensation liability in accordance with the relevant provisions of these Interpretations.

第十一条 对于铁路桥梁、涵洞等设施负有管理、维护等职责的单位,因未尽职责使该铁路桥梁、涵洞等设施不能正常使用,导致行人、车辆穿越铁路线路造成人身损害的,铁路运输企业按照本解释有关规定承担赔偿责任后,有权向该单位追偿。

Article 12 If a railway passenger suffers from a personal injury during the transportation of the passenger and the claimant for compensation requests the railway transportation enterprise to assume default liability, the people's court shall determine whether or to what extent the railway transportation enterprise shall assume the liability in accordance with the provisions of Article 290, Article 301 and Article 302 of Contract Law of the People's Republic of China. If the claimant for compensation requests the railway transportation enterprise to assume the liability for compensation for tort, the people's court shall determine whether or to what extent the railway transportation enterprise shall assume the liability in accordance with the legal provisions relating to tort liability.

第十二条 铁路旅客运送期间发生旅客人身损害,赔偿权利人要求铁路运输企业承担违约责任的,人民法院应当依照《中华人民共和国合同法》第二百九十条、第三百零一条、第三百零二条等规定,确定铁路运输企业是否承担责任及责任的大小;赔偿权利人要求铁路运输企业承担侵权赔偿责任的,人民法院应当依照有关侵权责任的法律规定,确定铁路运输企业是否承担赔偿责任及责任的大小。

Article 13 If a railway passenger suffers from a personal injury during the transportation of the passenger due to the tort behavior of a third party, the third party engaged in the tort behavior shall be liable for compensation. If the railway transportation enterprise is at fault, it shall assume corresponding supplementary compensation liability within the scope that loss can be prevented or stopped. The railway transportation enterprise shall be entitled to request for claim from the third party after assuming compensation liability.

If a passenger suffers from a personal injury because a third party outside the train hits the train by such means as throwing stones and the claimant for compensation requests the railway transportation enterprise to provide compensation first, the people's court shall give support thereto. The railway transportation enterprise shall be entitled to request for claim from the third part after providing the compensation.

第十三条 铁路旅客运送期间因第三人侵权造成旅客人身损害的,由实施侵权行为的第三人承担赔偿责任。铁路运输企业有过错的,应当在能够防止或者制止损害的范围内承担相应的补充赔偿责任。铁路运输企业承担赔偿责任后,有权向第三人追偿。

车外第三人投掷石块等击打列车造成车内旅客人身损害,赔偿权利人要求铁路运输企业先予赔偿的,人民法院应当予以支持。铁路运输企业赔付后,有权向第三人追偿。

Article 14 If an organization entitled to affirm an accident prepares an accident affirmation in accordance with the provisions of the Regulations on the Emergency Rescue and Investigation and Handling of Railway Traffic Accidents and during the cross-examination in a court trial, the parties concerned do not have contrary evidence and grounds sufficient to repudiate the facts affirmed in the accident affirmation, the people's court shall regard the accident affirmation as the basis of the affirmed facts.

第十四条 有权作出事故认定的组织依照《铁路交通事故应急救援和调查处理条例》等有关规定制作的事故认定书,经庭审质证,对于事故认定书所认定的事实,当事人没有相反证据和理由足以推翻的,人民法院应当作为认定事实的根据。

Article 15 These Interpretations shall apply to a personal injury caused by transportation on a dedicated railway and dedicated railway tracks and for which the owner, user or manager of the tool or equipment that causes the accident shall assume compensation liability in accordance with the law.

第十五条 在专用铁路及铁路专用线上因运输造成人身损害,依法应当由肇事工具或者设备的所有人、使用人或者管理人承担赔偿责任的,适用本解释。

Article 16 If the past judicial interpretations issued by the Supreme People's Court are not consistent with these Interpretations, these Interpretations shall prevail.

These interpretations shall not apply to cases for which the final instance is completed before the implementation of these Interpretations and a party concerned applies for a re-trial or decision on retrial is made according to the adjudication supervisory procedures after the implementation of these Interpretations.

第十六条 本院以前发布的司法解释与本解释不一致的,以本解释为准。

本解释施行前已经终审,本解释施行后当事人申请再审或者按照审判监督程序决定再审的案件,不适用本解释。